Bipolar disorder could be the muse that inspires literary, artistic, musical & individual creativity.

Bipolar disorder comes with its own baggage.

But individuals living with the condition say that too much emphasis on the condition’s dark side can contribute to hopelessness and stigma.

According to Professor Greg Murray MAPS, The Fund's scientific committee chair and one of the world's top bipolar disorder researchers, ‘bipolar disorder is associated with capacities that are highly valued by patients and the community. Across studies, BD has been associated with a range of strengths, including academic ability, empathy and realism. The quality that may be most definitive of BD, however, is creativity'.

Creativity refers to the unique & useful patterns of thinking and behavior that an individual demonstrates.

Authors believed to have manic episodes

F. Scott Fitzgerald

August Strindberg

Charles Dickens

Emile Zola

Ernest Hemingway

Eugene O'Neill

Francis Parkman

Graham Greene

Hans Christian Andersen

Henrik Ibsen

Henry James

Herman Melville

Hermann Hesse

Honore de Balzac

Isak Dinesen

John Ruskin

Leo Tolstoy

Mary Shelley

William Faulkner

William James

Joseph Conrad

Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Robert Louis Stevenson

Robert Lowell

Tennessee Williams

Virginia Woolf

Professor Murray’s work stems from a strengths-based psychological treatment approach, which looks at the entire person and also takes into consideration what the person wants to & can achieve, in spite of the condition.

Professors Murray and Sheri Johnson that bipolar disorder may be an all-too-common facet of the personality of creative individuals, such as authors, poets and visual artists.

Although little is known about how exactly bipolar disorder fuels creativity, researchers believe heightened positive emotions and behaviors, ambition, and drive may all play a role.

This could be one reason why individuals at higher risk for developing bipolar disorder and those with a less severe form of the condition are likely to not only consider themselves creative but also be overrepresented in creative professions.

Moreover, healthy siblings of such individuals are likely to pursue creative professions, too.

In general, bipolar individuals recognize & may even fully embrace several positive aspects of living with the condition, ‘including amplification of experiences and internal states, enhanced abilities and more intense human connectedness’.

In a way, bipolar individuals are likely to feel lucky to be living with the condition.

Take, for instance, Kay Redfield Jamison, a writer who has lived with bipolar disorder since adolescence:

I have often asked myself whether given the choice, I would choose to have manic depressive illness. Strangely enough, I think I would.

Jamison also happens to be a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, and co-director of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine’s Moods Disorders Center.

She is also the co-author of Manic-Depressive Illness (Oxford University Press), the classic textbook on bipolar disorder.

Another important implication of this creative capacity could be the vivid insight an individual is likely to have about living with the condition. This could potentially inform & enrich the way their bipolar condition is treated and managed.

Harnessing their creativity may lead to better outcomes and more fulfilling lives for people with bipolar disorder,
— Professor Greg Murray, MAPS

CREATIVE BIPOLAR MINDS ARE IN GOOD COMPANY

Artists believed to have bipolar disorder

Arshile Gorky

Edvard Munch

Georgia O'Keeffe

Jackson Pollock

Mark Rothko

Paul Gauguin

Vincent van Gogh

Authors believed to have mood disorders

T. S. Eliot

Alfred Lord Tennyson

Edgar Allan Poe

Edna St. Vincent Millay

Emily Dickinson

Ezra Pound

Harley Coleridge

John Keats

Laura Riding

Lord Byron (George Gordon)

Percy Bysshe Shelley

Samuel Johnson

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Sylvia Plath

Theodore Roethke

Victor Hugo

Walt Whitman

William Blake

Musicians and composers believed to have manic episodes

Anton Arensky

Charles Ives

Charles Mingus

Charles Parker

Cole Porter

George Frederic Handel

Gustav Holst

Gustav Mahler

Hector Berlioz

Irving Berlin

Kurt Cobain

Modest Mussorgsky

Noel Coward

Peter Tchaikovsky

Robert Schumann

Sergey Rachmaninoff

Recognize these bipolar individuals?

Amy Winehouse

Britney Spears

Carrie Fisher

Catherine Zeta-Jones

Demi Lovato

Frank Sinatra

Kanye West

Linda Hamilton

Mariah Carey

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Mel Gibson

Richard Dreyfuss

Stephen Fry

Vivien Leigh